Why Do Microwaves Heat Unevenly

Microwave ovens are generally great at heating food quickly so why do microwaves heat unevenly sometimes? Though microwave ovens are easy to use most of the time, there are a few reasons why some dishes don’t cook the way they’re supposed to.

This can be an issue even in the most advanced and powerful microwaves. Here’s why uneven heating can happen and how to avoid it.

How Microwaves Heat Food

Microwave ovens are so named because they heat food by sending high-frequency electromagnetic waves (a “micro” wave) to the polar water molecules in food products or liquids, heating the food as they do. This is a bit different than how it works in most conventional cooking appliance types, which heat food indirectly with heating elements that are components of the oven.

This process also requires more power than most heating methods, which means understanding electrical issues like what size breakers to use for a microwave is essential for that safe use. Understanding basic electrical repairs like dealing with a failed microwave fuse may also be of interest if you’re handy.

This is why the misconception that microwaves “heat food from the inside out” exists- since foods tend to contain more water near their center. That’s also one of the reasons why food winds up being cooked unevenly in them.

Why Microwaves Heat Food Unevenly

There are several common reasons for food heating unevenly in microwave ovens.

Cold Zones

Cold zones, cold spots, or cool spots form when microwaves inside the cooking compartment run into each other, canceling each other out, and preventing the heating of polar water molecules in that area.

Unfortunately, it’s difficult to completely avoid cold zones from forming, especially with frozen food or anything that may contain chunks of ice, but you can reduce or effectively negate their presence by making sure of the following:

• Make sure your food hasn’t stopped rotating on the cooking base, either because of some blockage or a malfunction in the rotating motor
• Make sure your food is placed properly on the dish and rotating plate and that it’s not tipping over, and do not wrap in a paper towel unless cooking instructions indicate it.

Varying Food Density

Foods that have different densities that are cooked together can often heat unevenly, and even a single food item can have different densities in different parts, especially if a dish involves multiple ingredients- that’s why sometimes when defrosting meat, you can accidentally wind up cooking the sides while the center remains frozen.

To help prevent this:

• Distribute pieces of food evenly on the dish and as a rule of thumb, try not to cook foods of very different densities simultaneously.

Don’t attempt to fully defrost very large cuts of meat or fish, instead, you might divide a piece of meat into smaller pieces or thinner cuts, or partially defrost larger pieces or thicker pieces in the microwave and allow them to fully defrost covered at room temperature.

For more basic tips on using microwaves, you’ll want to read our info articles discussing what is a microwave cover, how to do microwave sensor cooking, and what is a steam microwave.

Additional Tips to Keep Food Heating Evenly

Paying attention to the above potential issues will help prevent uneven cooking, but there are some additional tips to follow that will also help:

• Stir food regularly- this helps keep food density distributed more evenly. You can interrupt the heating process to stir food a little more often than you would on a stovetop or in an oven because of the way microwaves heat food.
• Use a food thermometer on meat and fish to test internal temperature if you’re concerned about safely cooking them.
• Let your meal sit after cooking. Leaving dishes of food to sit for several minutes after cooking will allow heat to disperse somewhat in your food, allowing colder spots a little more chance to cook or at least warm without overcooking hot spots.

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